The “National EMS Assessment,” released in December 2011 by the Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services (FICEMS), validates that the fire service is the largest provider of EMS in the United States. This is something the fire service has believed all along, but unfortunately until now there was no data to support that belief. At times, American Medical Response (AMR) has called itself the largest provider of EMS in the United States, but “The National EMS Assessment” confirms this is untrue.
FICEMS was responsible for the commission of the study, with funding provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The document describes EMS, emergency preparedness and 911 systems at the state and national levels using existing data sources. Quite frankly, it is the most comprehensive study of emergency medical service on a national level I have seen and it paints a good picture of how EMS is structured in the United States.
The 550-page study is a wide-ranging report describing the estimated 19,971 EMS agencies, their 81,295 vehicles and the 826,111 EMS professionals licensed and credentialed in the United States. Additionally, estimated 36, 698,670 EMS events (responses) and an estimated 28,004,624 EMS transports occurred in the United States in 2009.
If you look deep into the statistics, it is interesting to see the fire service’s profound impact on the EMS profession. For instance, a chart on page 43 breaks down EMS agencies by organizational type. That chart reflects that 40%, or 6,388, of all EMS agencies are fire-based EMS. That is the highest among all categories. The next-closest category to fire-based EMS is private ambulance services that are not hospital-based, at 25% (3,910) and governmental agencies that operate EMS that are not fire-based, at 21% (3,255). This information does not include data from California, Illinois, Virginia and Washington – all of which I think would have made the fire-based EMS percentage higher.
Even though the fire service is the largest provider of EMS transport in the United States, it would be an interesting statistic to see how many of the governmental and private ambulance providers still rely on the fire service to provide EMS through first response. Unfortunately, the study did not go that far.
When you look at the map of the United States on page 44, it appears that most fire-based EMS agencies are in northern states. Those states shaded in red have greater than 150 agencies that are licensed as fire-based EMS. These include such states as Iowa, Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, plus more. The only two southern states were Texas and New Mexico. Again, data from California, Illinois, Virginia, and Washington was unavailable.
Another interesting piece of data that reflected that the fire service is the largest provider of EMS in the United States was found on page 122. When looking at credentialing of EMS professionals working by agency/organizational type, the report says, “There appears to be a fairly even distribution of EMS professionals across the EMS agency types with fire-based EMS maintaining the greatest percentage of EMS professionals.” According to the graph of the United States on page 123, the states with the largest percentage of credentialed fire personnel were Texas and Utah.
Other information that can be gleamed from the report indicates that over 93% of the EMS agencies respond to 911 emergent events either with transport capability (65%) or without transport capability (28%). Five 5 percent of the licensed EMS organizations provide non-emergency medical transport services. Specialty care transport organizations comprised over 4% of the licensed EMS organizations and are almost equally divided between air medical and ground ambulances services. Over 51% of the EMS organizations function at the EMT-basic level, 38% at the EMT-paramedic level and 9% at the EMT-intermediate level.
When you look at the people, who work within EMS, it paints another interesting portrait. According to the study, there are an estimated 826,111 credentialed EMS professionals at the EMT-basic, intermediate and paramedic levels in the United States. Fifty-seven percent are EMT-basic, 21% EMT-paramedic and 6% EMT-intermediate. When you look at the gender breakdown, 67% percent of the EMS workforce is male. As you may suspect, EMS is generally a young person’s profession, with 70% of the EMS workforce being between 20 and 49 years of age. Seventy-five percent of the EMS workforce is white, while 8% is black, 5% Asian and 4% American Indian or Alaska Native. The entire report may be downloaded at http://www.ems.gov/pdf/2011/National_EMS_Assessment_Final_Draft_12202011.pdf.
Now that we have the data to prove it, there is no doubt that the fire service is the largest provider of EMS in the United States when it comes to agencies, transport vehicles and credentialed personnel. It is a tremendous and awesome responsibility for the fire service.
