ÿWPC #U,ú 0J& 0Tp 0^Ä 0h" 0rŠ 0|ü 0†x 0þ 1uŽ % 0d  0(m 0B• 0(×U>ÿÆ= AIoL@O ùW oP @S é[ UFD >Š v~È vÓF< Œ 9p`(Geneva2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)XP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$©©("ÿÿ$¡¡Ý ƒ ÿÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$§§< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman 1 2 3 4 5C << GÿÿÿWPC'°°×ÿ†ÿ–6©»"!ªÙ×ÿ†ÿ–6©»"!ªÙ  ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ*  !5!.&(ÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 4ÿÿÿÿÿÿ,4€ªªUUïÿ9ªp ?HH ïÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÝ ƒ )ÝÝ  ÝÓ ` œØ'ÓÔ€ÔßC€4$ ` \™! `À™!CßàQ àPage€Ú  ÚÚ  Úà‘ àwww.mfri.orgÔ€ÔÿWPC'°°Ýÿj•ÿ<©%"0ªCÝÿj•ÿ<©%"0ªC  ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ*  !5!.&(ÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 4ÿÿÿÿÿÿ,4€ªªUUïÿEªD6? ? ßÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÝ ƒ'ÝÝ  ÝÓ ` Àü!ÓÔ€ÔàQ àInstructor€GuideàQ àNotesÌßC€4$ ` \™! `À™!CßÔ€Ô< Œ 9p`(.BI Times BoldItalic 4Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÝ ƒ'ÝÝ  ÝPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'A ÿý‚ø ÿýStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  a HD2 Geneva ÒÒ  a HD2 Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÝ  ÝÖ€ÖÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÔ€¼ÔÔ€Ôò òÔ  ÔPorto„Power€Operation€and€UseÌÔ€XÔòòInstructor€GuideÌóóó óÌÓ  ÓÌò òSession€Reference:€€ó ó1ÌÌò òTopic:€€ó óPorto„Power€Operation€and€UseÌÌò òLevel€of€Instruction:ó óÌÌò òTime€Required:€€ó óFour€HoursÌÌò òMaterials:à àó óÌÓ` °ƒXN –XÓà0 àððà àComplete€Porto„power€SetÌà0 àððà àAssorted€CribbingÌà0 àððà à1„2€Acquired€VehiclesÌÌÓ ` °šXÓò òReferences:ÌÓ` °ƒXN –XÓó óà0 àððà àRescue€Technician,€Maryland€Fire€And€Rescue€Institute,€University€Of€Maryland,€MosbyÌà0 àððà àRescue€Intermediate,€Maryland€Fire€And€Rescue€Institute,€University€Of€MarylandÌà0 àððà àVehicular€Rescue€Manual,€Fire€Service€Extension,€West€Virginia€UniversityÌÌÓ ` °šXÓÌò òòòPREPARATION:Ìóóó óÌò òMotivation:Ìó óÌò òObjective€(SPO):Ìó óÌà0 àThe€student€will€demonstrate€a€basic€understanding€of€the€operation€and€use€of€the€porto„power€by€applying€the€material€learned€in€a€practical€setting.ÌÌò òOverview:Ìòòó óà0 àPorto„power€Operation€and€UseÌÓ` °ƒXN –XÓóóà0 àððà àIntroduction€to€hydraulically€powered€toolsÌà0 àððà àComponents€of€a€porto„powerÌà0 àððà àOperation€of€the€porto„powerÌà0 àððà àPractical€applicationsÇÓ` œÓò òSession€1àQ àPorto„Power€Operation€And€UseÌÓ ` °šXÓó óÌÓ` °‚XN –XÓSPOà0 àThe€student€will€demonstrate€a€basic€understanding€of€the€operation€and€use€of€the€porto„power€by€applying€the€material€learned€in€a€practical€setting.ÌÌEO€1„1à0 àDemonstrate€a€basic€understanding€of€the€principles€and€operations€of€hydraulicallyÏpowered€rescue€tools€as€well€as€the€care€and€maintenance€requirements.ÌÌEO€1„2à0 àIdentify€the€various€components€of€a€porto„power€system.ÌÌEO€1„3à àExplain€the€operation€of€the€various€components€of€a€porto„power€system.ÌÌEO€1„4à0 àDemonstrate€the€operation€of€the€various€components€of€a€porto„power€system€throughÏthe€performance€of€difference€vehicular€access€and€disentanglement€techniques.ÇÒ¸ž,HaÒÖ€ÖÓ&` °‚XŒ ƒ,³*À”X&Óò òI.à0 àIntroduction€to€Hydraulically€PoweredÌà àRescue€Tools€(1„1)Ìó óÌA.à0 àMajority€of€hydraulic€tools€designed€for€applicationsÏother€than€rescue€and€adapted€by€fire€and€rescueÏservice€for€pulling,€pushing,€spreading,€and€clampingÌÌB.à0 àBasic€physical€principle€of€hydraulicsÌÌà0 à1.à0 àPressure€exerted€on€a€liquid€is€transmitted€equallyÏin€all€directionsÌÌà0 à2.à0 àPressure€applied€to€a€liquid€confined€in€a€containerÏis€transmitted€undiminished€to€all€parts€of€the€liquidÏand€acts€in€all€directionsÌÌà0 à3.à0 àA€hydraulic€system€with€a€small€piston€andÏcylinder€transmits€a€force€through€hydraulic€hoseÏto€a€larger€cylinder€and€piston€thus€increasing€theÏforceÌÌC.à0 àHydraulically€Powered€ToolsÌÌà0 à1.à0 àHand€jacks€„€1€ton€to€120€tonsÌÌà0 à2.à0 àRemote€controlled€hydraulic€jacks€(Porto„power),€4Ïton,€10€ton€and€20€ton€capacity€used€in€rescueÏoperations.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àHurst€and€Amkus€style€tools„initially€designed€forÏthe€rescue€service.Ìòòò òÌÔ€Ôó óóóThe€remainder€of€this€lesson€guide€will€be€limited€to€theÏporto„power.ÌÔ€ÔÌD.à0 àSafe€Utilization€of€Hydraulic€Power€ToolsÌÌà0 à1.à0 àBe€familiar€with€equipment.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àKnow€limitations€of€tools€and€be€aware€of€anyÏpower€differences€between€pump€and€ram,€wedgie,Ïor€spreader.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àInspect€tool€periodically€and€maintained.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àUse€safety€person€when€operating€tools.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àUse€caution€when€forcing€an€object€with€powerÏtool.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àKeep€personal€objects€(fingers,€hair,€clothing,Ïjewelry,€ties,€etc.)€away€from€operating€equipment.ÌÌà0 à7.à0 àHold€tools€only€at€designated€areas.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àMaximum€effectiveness€is€obtained€when€a€tool€hasÏmaximum€contact€with€the€surface€being€actedÏupon.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àUtilize€appropriate€safety€equipment€whileÏoperating€power€tools.ÌÌò òII.à àCOMPONENTS€OF€A€PORTO„POWER€(1„2)Ìó óÌA.à àTerminologyÌÌà0 à1.à0 àClamp€Toe€ð!ð€similar€to€collar€toe€but€attaches€toÏextension€rather€than€cylinder;€used€with€cylinderÏclamp€head€to€create€clamp.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àCollar€Clamp€Head€ð!ð€threaded€attachment€forÏcylinder€to€allow€extension€to€be€connected;€whenÏused€with€clamp€toe€secured€to€extension€createsÏclamp.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àCollar€Toe€ð!ð€threaded€attachment€for€cylinder€toÏpermit€spreading€in€tight€areas.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àDouble€Chain€Plate€ð!ð€threaded€attachment€forÏcylinder€(may€also€be€attached€to€plunger)€for€useÏwhen€ram€is€being€used€to€pull€with€chains€attachedÏto€both€ends.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àExtension€ð!ð€various€lengths€of€pipe€threaded€onÏboth€ends€and€used€as€extension€for€ram;€usingÏextension€with€ram€reduces€capacity€of€ram€byÏ50%.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àFemale€Adapter€ð!ð€adapter€threaded€on€inside€ofÏfemale€end€to€permit€attachment€to€ram€plunger;Ïmale€end€fits€inside€extension.ÌÌà0 à7.à0 àFlat€Base€ð!ð€threaded€flat€attachment€used€whereÏlarger€base€needed€for€ram€cylinder€or€plunger.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àHose€„€transmits€oil€under€pressure€from€pump€toÏram,€wedgie,€or€spreader;€flexible€and€reinforced€toÏwithstand€internal€pressure€of€system.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àLock„on€Connector€ð!ð€used€to€connect€twoÏextensions€together;€lock€pins€used€to€holdÏextensions€in€place€on€connector.ÌÌà0 à10.à0 àLock€Pin€ð!ð€used€to€hold€extension€onto€lock„onÏconnector€or€male€or€female€adapter.ÌÌà0 à11.à0 àMale€Adapter€ð!ð€adapter€threaded€on€outside€ofÏmale€end€to€permit€attachment€inside€ram€cylinder;Ïother€male€end€fits€inside€extension.ÌÌà0 à12.à0 à90„degree€V„Base€ð!ð€threaded€V„shaped€base€withÏnotches€on€both€sides€for€gripping€on€roundÏobjects.ÌÌà0 à13.à0 àPipe€Coupling€ð!ð€used€to€connect€two€extensionsÏtogether€using€threads€on€outside€of€eachÏextension.ÌÌà0 à14.à0 àPlunger€Toe€ð!ð€threaded€attachment€for€ram€plungerÏto€permit€spreading€in€tight€areas.ÌÌà0 à15.à0 àPump€„€hand€operated€unit€that€creates€hydraulicÏpressure€in€system€by€operating€handle.ÌÌà0 à16.à0 àRam€ð!ð€used€primarily€for€spreading€in€allÏdirections€and€in€any€position;€complete€range€ofÏcapacities€from€l„1/2€through€50€tons€(onlyÏcomponent€of€system€to€operate€at€capacity);€canÏalso€be€used€for€limited€pulling;€one€end€of€the€ramÏthreaded€on€outside€of€cylinder€while€other€endÏthreaded€on€inside;€end€of€plunger€also€threaded;Ïtravel€distance€of€plunger€eight€inches;€when€usedÏwith€extension,€capacity€of€ram€reduced€by€50%.ÌÌà0 à17.à0 àRubber€Flex€Head€ð!ð€threaded€round€rubberÏattachment€for€end€of€ram€plunger€or€extension.ÌÌà0 à18.à0 àSerrated€Saddle€ð!ð€threaded€round€serrated€base€forÏplunger.ÌÌà0 à19.à0 àSingle€Chain€Plate€ð!ð€threaded€attachment€forÏcylinder€to€permit€chain€to€be€attached€to€each€end;Ïplunger€pushes€against€object€to€create€tightening.Ìà0 à20.à0 àSlip€Lock€Extension€„€adjustable€extension€insertedÏinside€extension€and€secured€with€lock€pin;Ïadjustment€mechanism€threaded€with€quick€releaseÏto€extend.ÌÌà0 à21.à0 àSmooth€Saddle€ð!ð€threaded€round€smooth€base€forÏplunger.ÌÌà0 à22.à0 àSpee„D„Coupler€ð!ð€threaded€coupling€used€toÏconnect€hose€to€ram,€wedgie,€or€spreaders.ÌÌà0 à23.à0 àSpreader€ð!ð€device€used€for€widening€opening;Ïspreader€has€opening€distance€of€approximatelyÏtwelve€inches€and€capacity€of€approximately€1,200Ïlbs.ÌÌà0 à24.à0 àWedge€Head€ð!ð€threaded€wedge„shaped€attachmentÏfor€ram€plunger€or€extension€with€notch€in€centerÏfor€gripping.ÌÌà0 à25.à0 àWedgie€„€small€spreader€(sometimes€called€aÏduckbill)€has€opening€distance€of€approximatelyÏthree€inches;€capacity€of€approximately€600€lbs.ÌÌB.à0 àCare€and€MaintenanceÌÌà0 à1.à0 àProtect€threads€and€couplings€with€properÏprotective€devices€or€capsÌÌà0 à2à àAvoid€overpowering€attachmentsÌÌà0 à3.à0 àHydraulic€lines€should€never€be€disconnected€whileÏunder€pressureÌÌà0 à4.à0 àAttachments€tightened€by€hand€utilizing€Spee„D„CouplersÌÌà0 à5.à0 àWhen€utilizing€extension€tubes,€utilize€lock€onÏconnectors€or€lock€pinsÌÌà0 à6.à0 àTape€measurements€should€be€taken€to€ascertainÏdesired€extension€reach€prior€to€assemblyÌÌà0 à7.à0 àCheck€jack€oil€level€„€add€SAE€10€motor€oil€ifÏneeded€to€level€of€notch€on€stem€of€filler€plugÌÌà0 à8.à0 àDo€not€overfill€pumps€beyond€recommendedÏcapacityÌò òIII.à àOPERATION€OF€THE€PORTO„POWER€(1„3)Ìó óÌA.à0 àPrinciples€of€OperationÌÌà0 à1.à0 àDo€not€overpower€pump€with€pipe€attachments€orÏadditional€weight€application;€stop€pumping€whenÏpumping€becomes€more€difficultÌÌà0 à2.à0 àSpreaders€and€wedgies€normally€are€the€mostÏmisused€piece€of€equipment€utilized€with€porto„power€pumpsÌÌà0 à3.à0 àPump€handle€for€application€of€force.€€€WhenÏusing€spreader€or€wedgie,€hold€pump€in€hands€withÏhose€pointing€down,€and€squeeze€pump€handleÏagainst€pump€housing.€€Stop€pumping€whenÏresistance€is€felt.ÌÌB.à0 àProtection€of€EquipmentÌÌà0 à1.à0 àDo€not€overload€rams,€use€largest€ram€and€base€asÏpossible€within€available€spaceÌÌà0 à2.à0 àDo€not€overextend€ram.€€Empty€space€should€beÏfilled€prior€to€application€of€force.€(This€assuresÏmost€efficient€use€of€force)ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àSpring€retaining€screws€on€20€and€50€ton€ramsÏshould€never€be€tampered€withÌÌà0 à4.à0 àRefrain€from€utilizing€excessive€off€center€loads;Ïtry€to€work€at€right€angle€of€loadÌÌà0 à5.à0 àDo€not€abuse€hose€by€dropping€heavy€equipmentÏor€kinking€lines€in€such€manner€as€to€damageÏequipmentÌÌà0 à6.à0 àProvide€adequate€clearances€while€working€withÏequipment€and€do€not€drag€hose€lines€acrossÏjagged€materialsÌÌà0 à7.à0 àMaintain€clean€oil€lines€by€utilizing€dust€capsÌà0 à8.à0 àDress€damaged€threads€and€protect€from€additionalÏdamage€by€utilizing€guardsÌÌà0 à9.à0 àKeep€equipment€away€from€fire€and€heat€sourcesÏas€it€will€break€down€packing€and€weakenÏequipmentÌà0 à10.à0 àNever€attempt€to€lift€a€load€that€exceeds€the€capacityÏof€your€ram.€€Overloading€causes€crackedÏcylinders,€blown€cups,€bent€plungersÌÌà0 à11.à0 àPump€carefully.€€When€you€feel€that€you€have€toÏpump€unusually€hard€„€stop€operation.€Adjust€set„up€so€that€off„center€load€is€not€as€great.€ExcessiveÏoff„center€loads€produce€considerable€strain€on€theÏram€plunger€and€extension€tubes.ÌÌà0 à12.à0 àDo€not€carry€Porto„power€unit€by€hose.ÌÌà0 à13.à0 àCollapse€ram€if€connected€to€pump,€permitting€oilÏto€flow€back€into€pump.€Clamp€pump€at€footÏbracket€in€vise€as€shown.€Remove€filler€plug€at€endÏof€pump.€Add€hydraulic€oil€until€it€is€level€withÏnotch€on€stem€of€filler€plug,€using€the€stem€as€aÏdipstick.ÌÌC.à0 àOperation€of€Porto„power€UnitsÌÌà0 à1.à0 àPorto„power€attachments€can€be€threaded€to€the€topÏof€the€ram€plunger,€top€of€the€ram€or€into€the€ramÏbase.€While€assembling€combinations€alwaysÏscrew€attachments€as€far€down€as€possible.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àWhen€using€Lock„On€tubing€for€push€operationsÏslip€speedy€Lock„On€Connectors€and€Lock„OnÏAdapters€between€extensions€or€extensions€andÏram.€€For€direct€pull€operations€slip€Lock€PinsÏthrough€drilled€holes.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àOperationÌÌà0 àà0 àa.à0 àClose€release€valve€finger„tight€by€turning€knobÏnear€hose€end€of€pump€clockwise.ÌÌà0 àà0 àb.à0 àHold€pump€in€any€position,€horizontal€toÏvertical€with€hose€end€down.ÌÌà0 àà0 àc.à0 àRelease€valve€for€lowering€load€by€turningÏknob€near€hose€end€of€pump€counter„clockwise.ÌÌò òÌÌÌÌIV.à àAPPLICATIONS€FOR€THEÌà àPORTO„POWER€(1„4)Ìó óÌA.à0 àThe€Porto„power€is€a€device€used€primarily€to€displaceÏmembers€of€a€wrecked€motor€vehicle.€€By€exerting€aÏforce€between€two€members€of€a€wreck,€one€or€bothÏwill€generally€distort€or€displace€allowing€better€accessÏto€an€entangled€victim.ÌÌB.à0 àThe€most€widely€used€accessory€for€the€porto„power€isÏthe€spreader€or€wedgie.€€The€device€allows€a€good€dealÏof€displacement€with€application€of€force.€€MostÏspreaders€or€wedgies€are€levered€so€that€cylinder€ramÏtravel€is€amplified.€Of€course,€when€this€is€the€caseÏthere€is€reduction€of€force€at€the€tips.ÌÌC.à0 àThe€hydraulic€hose€and€couplings€are€generally€self„sealing€ball€and€needle€connectors€to€limit€the€amountÏof€hydraulic€fluid€lost€during€connection€andÏdisconnection€and€the€amount€of€air€entering€theÏsystem.€Usually€the€ball€is€spring€mounted€and€mustÏbe€displaced€by€the€needle€before€the€couplers€mate.€ÏAfter€the€couplings€are€attached,€they€must€be€securedÏby€tightening€the€coupling€nut€so€that€the€system€willÏnot€leak.ÌÌD.à0 àTo€use€the€porto„power,€there€must€be€an€adequateÏamount€of€hydraulic€oil€supplied€to€the€pump.€€If€this€isÏpresent,€the€pressure€release€valve€must€be€closed,Ïusually€by€turning€a€relief€valve€clockwise€until€it€seats.ÌÌE.à0 àUse€TipsÌÌà0 à1.à0 àThere€should€always€be€at€least€two€personsÏoperating€the€device,€one€with€the€ram€to€monitorÏthe€progress,€the€other€with€the€pump.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àWhen€using€the€spreaders€to€pop€open€a€door,Ïremember€that€the€door€will€release€only€afterÏconsiderable€stress€is€placed€on€the€vehicle€frame.€ÏWhen€the€door€finally€does€open,€it€does€so€withÏmuch€force.€€The€pump€operator€should€leanÏagainst€the€door€to€reduce€the€violence€of€the€doorÏopening.€€The€pump€operator€should€be€positionedÏbehind€the€jaw€operator€and€slightly€to€the€sideÏaway€from€the€swing€of€the€door.€€The€jaws€tend€toÏmove€out€of€their€position€if€the€members€beingÏstressed€do€not€distort€or€displace.€€The€handÍclosest€to€the€tips€should€be€placed€on€top€of€theÏcylinder,€palm€down.€€The€other€hand,€placed€at€theÏother€end€of€the€cylinder,€palm€up.€€By€doing€this,Ïshould€the€jaws€jump€out€they€will€be€directedÏdown€toward€the€ground,€from€the€face€and€torso.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àAir€in€the€system€or€low€oil€supply€will€cause€theÏporto„power's€force€to€be€greatly€diminished.€AnyÏleakage€around€the€ram€cylinder€seals€or€pumpÏpacking€will€reduce€the€power€also.€€To€remedyÏthis,€bleed€off€the€air€in€the€system,€as€withÏhydraulic€brakes€in€cars.€€Pump€the€ram€to€fullÏextension€without€applied€load,€placing€the€pumpÏand€hydraulic€fluid€reservoir€at€a€level€above€theÏcylinder.€€This€allows€the€air€bubbles€in€the€systemÏto€rise€toward€the€highest€point€(the€reservoir).€ÏLeave€the€pressure€release€closed€for€2€„€3€minutes.€ÏThen€apply€load€to€the€ram€and€open€the€release€theÏvalve€allowing€the€ram€to€rapidly€retract,€forcing€theÏhydraulic€fluid€and€air€bubbles€into€the€reservoir,€ifÏthis€is€done€two€or€three€times,€and€the€reservoir€isÏfull€of€fluid,€as€recommended,€the€ram€should€workÏproperly.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àSome€porto„powers€have€provisions€for€theÏreservoir€to€be€vented€during€pump€operation€thatÏprevents€a€possible€partial€vacuum€from€beingÏformed€in€the€reservoir€when€the€fluid€is€drawnÏthrough€the€pump.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àIt€is€important€that€as€much€of€the€ð ðdeadðð€emptyÏspace€be€filled€in€before€force€is€exerted.€€The€mostÏefficient€pushing€force€of€a€ramððs€travel€is€withinÏthe€first€half€of€its€extended€length,€and€if€that€travelÏis€simply€ð ðtaking€out€the€slack"€between€twoÏpoints€in€a€wreckage,€much€more€effort€will€beÏrequired.€€To€let€off€the€pressure€„€insert€cribbingÏblocks€to€stabilize€the€load€and€slowly€open€theÏpressure€release€valve.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àWooden€blocks€(preferably€oak€4"€x€4"€blocks)Ïcan€be€used€to€crib€or€cross„block€and€support€theÏdisplaced€or€moved€mass€in€case€of€system€failure.€ÏIn€addition,€as€the€amount€of€travel€increases,€theÏmass€supported€becomes€more€unstable,€makingÏsecondary€support€necessary.ÌÌÌF.à0 àDisplacing€a€Steering€ColumnÌÌà0 à1.à0 àRemoval€of€the€steering€column€should€beÏaccomplished€by€pushing€the€column€rather€thanÏpulling€due€to€the€possibility€of€tilt€steeringÏcolumns€or€the€steering€columns€on€front„wheelÏdrive€vehciles€coming€back€into€the€passengerÏcompartment.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àAttach€flat€base€to€bottom€of€ram€cylinder.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àAttach€female€to€male€adapter€to€plunger.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àMeasure€distance€between€rocker€panel€or€seatÏbracket€to€bottom€of€steering€column€and€insertÏnecessary€extensions€using€lock„on€connectors,€asÏneeded.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àPut€90„degree€V„wedge€on€extension€to€secure€it€toÏsteering€column.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àMake€sure€ram€is€pushing€at€a€right€angle€to€theÏsteering€column€to€minimize€ram€slipping€asÏpressure€is€applied.ÌÌà0 à7.à0 àHold€pump€in€hands€with€hose€downward,€closeÏrelief€valve,€and€begin€pumping€slowly€whileÏwatching€column€movement.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àCease€pumping€when€sufficient€space€has€beenÏachieved€for€the€rescueÌÌG.à0 àPartial€Roof€RemovalÌÌà0 à1.à0 àUse€cutting€tools€such€as€a€hacksaw€or€aÏreciprocating€saw€to€cut€the€postsÌÌà0 à2.à0 àCut€a€notch€approximately€three€inches€deep€onÏeach€side€of€the€roof€near€the€beginning€of€the€C„post.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àAttach€flat€base€to€bottom€of€ram€cylinder.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àAttach€female€to€male€adapter€to€plunger.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà0 à5.à0 àMeasure€distance€between€rocker€panel€to€bottomÏedge€of€the€roof€near€the€A„post€and€insertÏnecessary€extensions€using€lock„on€connectors,€asÏneeded.ÌÔ'  ÔÌà0 à6.à0 àPut€90„degree€V„wedge€on€extension€to€secure€it€toÏthe€roof€edge.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àMake€sure€that€ram€is€pushing€at€a€right€angle€toÏthe€roof€to€minimize€ram€slipping€as€pressure€isÏapplied.ÌÌà0 à10.à0 àHold€pump€in€hands€with€hose€downward,€closeÏrelief€valve,€and€begin€pumping€slowly€whileÏwatching€roof€movement.ÌÌà0 à11.à0 àCease€pumping€when€the€roof€in€a€position€where€itÏcan€be€pulled€back€with€ropes€attached€to€the€A„post€(may€require€adjustment€and€additionalÏextensions€before€lift€is€completed)ÌÌà0 à12.à0 àSecure€the€roof€to€minimize€any€movement.ÌÌH.à0 àForcing€DoorÌÌà0 à1.à0 àForcing€a€door€is€best€accomplished€with€bothÏwedgie€and€spreader€and€two€pumps.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àDue€to€strength€of€locking€mechanism€on€mostÏmodern€automobiles,€forcing€of€door€should€beÏundertaken€at€hinges€rather€than€lock.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àUse€a€haligan€bar€and€axe€to€make€purchase€pointÏin€opening€between€door€and€fender€by€forcing€adzÏ(wedge)€end€of€the€haligan€bar€in€opening€andÏprying€up€or€down€to€widening€the€opening.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àUse€wedgie€to€further€widen€opening€and€exposeÏhinges.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àAs€opening€is€widened,€spreader€can€be€used€toÏforce€door€at€hinged€side.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà0 à6.à0 àHold€both€pumps€with€the€hose€pointing€downwardÏand€pumping€the€squeezing€the€handle€against€theÏpump€(this€reduces€the€chance€for€overpoweringÏthe€pump).ÌÔ'  ÔÌà0 à7.à0 àReposition€either€wedgie€or€spreader€as€needed.€ÏForcing€should€be€done€as€close€to€hinge€asÏpossible.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àBe€cautious€not€to€overpower€the€wedgie€orÏspreader.€€The€porto„power€may€not€have€sufficientÏstrength€to€force€the€door€open.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àIf€door€latch€and€locking€mechanism€can€beÏoperated,€porto„power€can€be€operated€at€lock€sideÏto€force€door€(porto„power€not€strong€enough€toÏovercome€lock).ÌÌI.à0 àDisplacing€Front€SeatÌÌà0 à1.à0 àAttached€serrated€saddle€to€bottom€of€cylinder.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àAttach€female€to€male€adapter€to€plunger.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àMeasure€distance€between€bottom€of€A„columnÏnear€rocker€panel€and€seat€bracket€and€insertÏnecessary€extensions€using€lock„on€connectors,€asÏneeded.ÌÌà0 à4.à0 àPut€90„degree€V„wedge€on€extension€to€secure€toÏseat€bracket;€place€wedge€against€upper€portion€ofÏseat€bracket.ÌÌà0 à5.à0 àMake€sure€ram€is€pushing€at€right€angle€to€seatÏbracket€to€minimize€ram€slipping€as€pressure€isÏapplied.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àHold€pump€in€hands€with€hose€downward,€closeÏrelief€valve,€and€begin€pumping€slowly€whileÏwatching€seat€movement.ÌÌà0 à7.à0 àCease€pumping€when€sufficient€space€has€beenÏachieved€for€the€rescue.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àAlternative€method€is€to€pull€seat€from€behindÏusing€the€pulling€capability€of€ram.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àPlace€the€single€chain€plate€on€outside€cylinderÏthreading.ÌÌà0 à10.à0 àPlace€double€chain€plate€on€plunger.ÌÌà0 à11.à0 àPass€chain€under€seat€and€secure€it€to€forwardÏportion€of€both€seat€brackets€using€caution€to€makeÏsure€that€chain€is€attached€to€portion€of€bracketÏattached€to€seat€rather€than€portion€attached€toÏfloor.€€This€is€best€accomplished€with€two€shortÏpieces€of€chain.ÌÌà0 à12.à0 àPass€chain€through€the€holes€on€double€chain€plateÏand€attach€in€respective€slots€on€single€chain€plate.ÌÌà0 à13.à0 àUsing€another€piece€of€chain,€wrap€chain€around€aÏframe€member€under€vehicle.ÌÌà0 à14.à0 àPass€chain€back€to€ram€and€secure€in€respectiveÏslots€in€double€chain€plate.ÌÌà0 à15.à0 àTake€up€slack€in€chains€and€make€necessaryÏadjustments€so€that€pulls€evenly.ÌÌà0 à16.à0 àHold€pump€in€hands€with€hose€downward,€closeÏrelief€valve,€and€begin€pumping€slowly€whileÏwatching€seat€movement.€€Movement€of€plungerÏpulls€chain€rather€than€pushes.ÌÌà0 à17.à0 àBe€aware€that€movement€of€seat€will€probably€beÏsudden€rather€than€gradual.€€Patient€should€haveÏbeen€boarded€and€collared€prior€to€beginningÏoperation.ÌÌJ.à0 àWidening€Door€OpeningÌÌà0 à1.à0 àOperation€involves€pulling€door€away€fromÏopening€to€make€opening€for€patient€removal€wider.ÌÌà0 à2.à0 àPlace€single€chain€plate€on€outside€cylinderÏthreading.ÌÌà0 à3.à0 àPlace€double€chain€plate€on€plunger.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà0 à4.à0 àPass€chain€around€door€already€been€forced€openÏand€secure€so€that€it€will€not€slip€as€door€is€pulled.€ÏThis€is€best€accomplished€with€single€piece€ofÏchain.ÌÔ'  ÔÌà0 à5.à0 àPass€chain€through€holes€on€double€chain€plate€andÏattach€in€respective€slots€on€single€chain€plate.ÌÌà0 à6.à0 àUsing€another€piece€of€chain,€wrap€chain€aroundÏframe€member€under€vehicle.ÌÌà0 à7.à0 àPass€chain€back€to€ram€and€secure€in€respectiveÏslots€in€double€chain€plate.ÌÌà0 à8.à0 àTake€up€slack€in€chains€and€make€necessaryÏadjustments€so€that€chain€pulls€evenly.ÌÌà0 à9.à0 àHold€pump€in€hands€with€hose€downward,€closeÏrelief€valve,€and€begin€pumping€slowly€whileÏwatching€seat€movement.€€Movement€of€plungerÏpulls€chain€rather€than€pushes.€€Be€aware€thatÏshock€absorber€bumpers€or€air€bags€may€activate€ifÏpressure€is€applied€to€bumper.ÌÌà0 à10.à0 àMonitor€door€movement€to€observe€that€the€chain€isÏnot€slipping€from€the€door.ÌÌThe€instructor€should€show€any€of€those€items€in€theÏterminology€section€that€are€available€and€how€they€areÏattached.€€The€instructor€should€also€demonstrate€theÏvarious€techniques€and€applications.€€The€students€shouldÏthen€be€given€an€opportunity€to€demonstrate€theirÏunderstanding€of€the€classroom€material€andÏdemonstrations.ÌÌDepending€upon€the€size€of€the€group,€more€than€one€setÏof€equipment€and€additional€vehicles€may€be€required.€ÏThere€should€also€be€adequate€instructional€resources€toÏmaximize€safety€and€minimize€tool€damage.ÌÌSummarize€the€material€in€the€lesson€and€discuss€theÏlessons€learned€from€the€practical€session.ÉÉÓ ` °‚X× …wÀ”X ÓÉÇÒÒÖ€ ÖÓ ` °šXÓò òòòSUMMARY:Ìóóó óÌò òReview:Ìó óÌà0 àThe€safety€precautions€associated€with€the€use€of€porto„powers€should€be€stressed.€€TheÏpotential€for€a€difference€between€the€pump€and€attachments€should€also€be€stressed€so€thatÏthe€student€better€understands€the€capabilities€and€limitations€of€the€system.ÌÌòòà0 àPorto„Power€Operation€and€UseÌÓ` °ƒXN –XÓóóà0 àððà àIntroduction€to€hydraulically€powered€toolsÌà0 àððà àComponents€of€a€porto„powerÌà0 àððà àOperation€of€the€porto„powerÌà0 àððà àPractical€applicationsÌÌÓ ` °šXÓò òRemotivation:Ìó óÌà0 àStress€the€importance€of€regular€maintenance€of€equipment,€practice,€and€a€generalÏunderstanding€of€the€uses€and€limitations€of€the€various€components€of€the€porto„powerÏsystem.ÌÌò òAssignment:Ìó óÌÌ=================================================================Ìò òòòEVALUATION:Ìóóó óÌ